Operating System Syllabus IOE

Evaluation Scheme:

The questions will cover all chapters of the syllabus, with marks distributed as follows:

Note: There may be minor deviations in marks distribution.

1. Introduction (5 hours)

1.1. Operating System and its Functions
1.2. Evolution of Operating Systems
1.3. Types of Operating Systems:

• Batch
• Interactive
• Multiprocessing
• Time Sharing
• Real-Time Systems
  1.4. Operating System Components
  1.5. Operating System Structures:
• Monolithic
• Layered
• Micro-Kernel
• Client-Server
• Virtual Machine
  1.6. Operating System Services:
  1.6.1. System calls
  1.6.2. Shell commands
  1.6.3. Shell programming
  1.7. Examples of Operating Systems:
• UNIX
• Linux
• MS-Windows
• Handheld OS

2. Process Management (6 hours)

2.1. Introduction to Processes:

• Process description
• Process states
• Process control
  2.2. Threads
  2.3. Processes and Threads
  2.4. Scheduling:
• Types of scheduling
• Scheduling in batch systems
• Scheduling in interactive systems
• Scheduling in real-time systems
• Thread scheduling
  2.5. Multiprocessor scheduling concepts

3. Process Communication and Synchronization (5 hours)

3.1. Principles of Concurrency
3.2. Critical Region
3.3. Race Condition
3.4. Mutual Exclusion
3.5. Semaphores and Mutex
3.6. Message Passing
3.7. Monitors
3.8. Classical Problems of Synchronization:

• Readers-Writers Problem
• Producer-Consumer Problem
• Dining Philosopher Problem

4. Memory Management (6 hours)

4.1. Memory Addressing, Swapping, and Managing Free Memory Space
4.2. Resident Monitor
4.3. Multiprogramming with Fixed Partitions
4.4. Multiprogramming with Variable Partitions
4.5. Multiple Base Registers
4.6. Virtual Memory Management:

• Paging
• Segmentation
• Paged Segmentation
  4.7. Demand Paging
  4.8. Performance
  4.9. Page Replacement Algorithms
  4.10. Allocation of Frames
  4.11. Thrashing

5. File Systems (6 hours)

5.1. Files:

• Name
• Structure
• Types
• Access
• Attributes
• Operations
  5.2. Directory and File Paths
  5.3. File System Implementation:
• Selecting Block Size
• Impact of Block Size
• Implementing Files: Contiguous Allocation, Linked List Allocation, Inode
  5.4. Impact of Allocation Policy on Fragmentation
  5.5. Mapping File Blocks on Disk Platters
  5.6. File System Performance
  5.7. Example File Systems: CD-ROM, MS-DOS, Unix File System

6. I/O Management and Disk Scheduling (4 hours)

6.1. Principles of I/O Hardware
6.2. Principles of I/O Software
6.3. I/O Software Layers
6.4. Disk:

• Hardware
• Formatting
• Arm Scheduling
• Error Handling
• Stable Storage

7. Deadlock (5 hours)

7.1. Principles of Deadlock
7.2. Deadlock Prevention
7.3. Deadlock Avoidance
7.4. Deadlock Detection
7.5. Recovery from Deadlock
7.6. Integrated Deadlock Strategies
7.7. Additional Issues:

• Two-Phase Locking
• Communication Deadlock
• Livelock
• Starvation

8. Security (4 hours)

8.1. Security Breaches
8.2. Types of Attacks
8.3. Security Policies and Access Control
8.4. Basics of Cryptography
8.5. Protection Mechanisms
8.6. Authentication
8.7. OS Design Considerations for Security
8.8. Access Control Lists and OS Support

9. System Administration (4 hours)

9.1. Administration Tasks
9.2. User Account Management
9.3. Start and Shutdown Procedures
9.4. Setting Up Operational Environments for New Users
9.5. Tools: AWK, Search, Sort, Shell Scripts, Make Tool

Practical:

1. Shell commands and shell programming: Write simple functions, basic tests, loops, patterns, expansions, substitutions.
2. Programs using the system calls of UNIX OS: fork, exec, getpid, exit, wait, close, stat, opendir, readdir.
3. Programs using the I/O system calls of UNIX OS.
4. Implement the Producer-Consumer problem using semaphores.
5. Implement some memory management schemes.

Reference Books:

1. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems, 3rd Edition, PHI.
2. William Stallings, Operating Systems, 6th Edition, Pearson Education.
3. Silberschatz A., Galvin P., Gagne G., Operating System Concepts, 8th Edition, John Wiley and Sons.
4. Milan Milenkovic, Operating Systems Concepts and Design, TMGH.
5. Sumitabha Das, Unix Concepts and Applications, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.
6. M.J. Bach, The Design of the UNIX Operating System, PHI.
7. Charles Crowley, Operating Systems: A Design-Oriented Approach, TMH.