lab 6 – OOP (Inheritance)

Learn the best practice of writing code in OOP using the concept of Inheritance and be an expert!

Theory

Minimize the Theory According to your wish!

1. Write a program to illustrate single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical
inheritance.

Source Code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Single Inheritance
class Animal {
public:
    void eat() {
        cout << "Animal is eating." << endl;
    }
};

class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void bark() {
        cout << "Dog is barking." << endl;
    }
};

// Multiple Inheritance
class Flyable {
public:
    void fly() {
        cout << "Can fly." << endl;
    }
};

class Bird : public Animal, public Flyable {
public:
    void chirp() {
        cout << "Bird is chirping." << endl;
    }
};

// Multilevel Inheritance
class Mammal : public Animal {
public:
    void giveBirth() {
        cout << "Mammal is giving birth." << endl;
    }
};

class Elephant : public Mammal {
public:
    void trumpet() {
        cout << "Elephant is trumpeting." << endl;
    }
};

// Hierarchical Inheritance
class Cat : public Animal {
public:
    void meow() {
        cout << "Cat is meowing." << endl;
    }
};

class Lion : public Cat {
public:
    void roar() {
        cout << "Lion is roaring." << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    // Single Inheritance
    Dog dog;
    dog.eat();
    dog.bark();

    // Multiple Inheritance
    Bird bird;
    bird.eat();
    bird.fly();
    bird.chirp();

    // Multilevel Inheritance
    Elephant elephant;
    elephant.eat();
    elephant.giveBirth();
    elephant.trumpet();

    // Hierarchical Inheritance
    Lion lion;
    lion.eat();
    lion.meow();
    lion.roar();

    return 0;
}

Output:

Source Code:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//base class
class staff{
	protected:
		int id;
	public:
		staff (int a){
		}
		
		void getdata(){
			cout<<"Enter Staff ID: ";
			cin>>id;
		}
		void showdata(){
			cout<<"Stadd ID: "<<id<<endl;
		} 
			
};
//derived class
class lecturer:public staff{
	protected: 
	char sub[10];
	
	public: 
	//calling staff constructor
	lecturer(int a):staff(a) {}
	
	void getdata(){
		staff::getdata();//calling stadd getdata for id
		cout<<"You are into lecturer class"<<endl;
		cout<<"Enter subject: "<<endl;
		cin>>sub;
	}
	void showdata(){
		cout<<"The subject of lecturer is"<<sub<<endl;
		
	}
};

//derived class second
class admin:public staff{
	protected:
		char post[10];
	public:
		admin(int a):staff(a){}
	
	void getinfo(){
		cout<<"You are into admin class"<<endl;
		cout<<"Enter post in department: "<<endl;
		cin>>post;
	}
	void showinfo(){
		cout<<"Post in department is: "<<post<<endl;
	}
			
};

//derived class third

class librarian:public staff{
	protected:
		char shift[10];
	public:
		librarian(int a):staff(a){}
		
		void geti(){
			staff::getdata();
			cout<<"You are into librarian class"<<endl;
			cout<<"Enter shift"<<endl;
			cin>>shift;
		}
		void showi(){
			cout<<"shift is"<<shift<<endl;
		}	
};
int main(){
	lecturer l(1);
	admin a(2);
	librarian li(3);
	l.getdata();
	a.getinfo();
	li.geti();
	l.showdata();
	a.showinfo();
	li.showi();
	return 0;
}

Output:

3. Write a program to find the area of a rectangle by passing length and breadth
as arguments after creating member functions in both derived and base class
with the same name.

Source Code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Shape {
protected:
    double area;

public:
    //Default constructor
    Shape() : area(0.0) {}

    void calculateArea(double length, double breadth) {
        area = length * breadth;
    }

    void displayArea() {
        cout << "Area: " << area << endl;
    }
};

//derived class
class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
    void calculateArea(double length, double breadth) {
        area = length * breadth;
    }
};

int main() {
    double length, breadth;

    cout << "Enter length: ";
    cin >> length;

    cout << "Enter breadth: ";
    cin >> breadth;

    Shape shape;
    shape.calculateArea(length, breadth);
    cout << "Using Base Class: ";
    shape.displayArea();

    Rectangle rectangle;
    rectangle.calculateArea(length, breadth);
    cout << "Using Derived Class: ";
    rectangle.displayArea();

    return 0;
}

Output:

4. Write a program to show the use of virtual base class and pure virtual
function.

Source Code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Virtual Base Class
class Shape {
public:
    virtual double calculateArea() = 0; // Pure virtual function

    virtual void display() {
        cout << "Shape" << endl;
    }
};

// Derived Classes
class Circle : public Shape {
private:
    double radius;

public:
    Circle(double r) : radius(r) {}

    double calculateArea() {
        return 3.14159 * radius * radius;
    }

    void display() {
        cout << "Circle" << endl;
    }
};

class Rectangle : public Shape {
private:
    double length;
    double width;

public:
    Rectangle(double l, double w) : length(l), width(w) {}

    double calculateArea() {
        return length * width;
    }

    void display() {
        cout << "Rectangle" << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Circle circle(5.0);
    Rectangle rectangle(4.0, 6.0);

    Shape* shape1 = &circle;
    Shape* shape2 = &rectangle;

    shape1->display();
    cout << "Area: " << shape1->calculateArea() << endl;

    shape2->display();
    cout << "Area: " << shape2->calculateArea() << endl;

    return 0;
}

Output:

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